(2) are rich in vitamin BB vitamins in animal liver, lean meat, eggs, milk, soy products, grains, carrots, fish, vegetables and other food. It is a class of water-soluble vitamins, most of the body of the coenzyme, mainly the following.
① Vitamin B1
B1 is the first purified by the people of vitamins, scientists Hickman Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1896 first discovered in 1910 the Polish chemist Feng grams from the rice bran extract and purify. It is a white powder, soluble in water, case of alkali easy to decompose. Its physiological function is to be able to increase appetite and maintain normal activities such as nerves, the lack of it will get beri-beri, neurodermatitis and so on. Adults need a daily intake of 2mg. It is widely found in rice bran, egg yolk, milk, tomatoes and other foods has been able by the synthetic. Because of its sulfur and amino-containing molecules, it is called thiamine, also known as anti-beriberi vitamin. It mainly exists in the skin and the seed germ, rice bran, wheat bran, soybeans, yeast, lean meat and other food, the most abundant, in addition, cabbage, celery and Chinese medicine wind, Plantago is also rich in vitamin B1. Extracted vitamin B1 hydrochloride as a single oblique lamellae; Vitamin B1 nitrate was colorless triclinic crystals, non-hygroscopic. Vitamin B1 soluble in water, food cleaning process can be as great loss of water by heating food in the B1 mainly in soup. Plastic Packaging Materials processing, such as too small, improperly cooked or canned foods, vitamins will be a substantial loss or damage. Of vitamin B1 in alkaline solution can easily be destroyed by heating, while in acidic solution is stable to heat. Oxidizing and reducing agents can also make it useless. After oxidation of vitamin B1 thiamine into dehydrogenation (also known as sulfur pigments), the latter can present as a blue fluorescent under ultraviolet light, the use of this feature can be tested for vitamin B1 and quantitative. Vitamin B1 in the body into thiamine pyrophosphate (also known as secondary carboxylase) involved in the metabolism of sugar in the body. Therefore, vitamin B1 deficiency, sugar oxidation within the organization affected. It also has the role of inhibition of cholinesterase activity, the lack of vitamin B1, when this activity is too high, acetylcholine (neurotransmitter, one of) substantial damage to nerve conduction are affected, can cause gastric peristalsis slowly, digestive secretion reduced, loss of appetite, indigestion and other obstacles.
② Vitamin B2
B2, also known as riboflavin. In 1879 the United Kingdom chemist Bruce first discovered from the whey, the United States of America in 1933, chemist Kore-fold cell extract from milk, Cohen 1935, German chemist synthesized it. Vitamin B2 is the orange needle-like crystals, taste, slightly bitter flavor, aqueous solutions are yellow-green fluorescence in alkaline or light conditions, easy to break down. Ao Yu and hold alkali is this truth. The human body without it susceptible to stomatitis, dermatitis, microvascular proliferation of psychosis. Daily intake for adults should be 2 ~ 4mg, it is abundantly found in grains, vegetables, milk and fish food.
③ Vitamin B3 is the B vitamins in the human body up to those requirements. It is not only to maintain digestive health, vitamins, synthetic hormones are also an indispensable material. Modern life is full of pressure, the nicotinic acid to maintain nervous system health and proper functioning of the efficacy of brain function, but also must not be ignored.
Recommendations on intake: the recommended daily intake for adults is 13 ~ 19mg. Pregnant women (pregnant women, products, pregnant women, information) for the 20mg; breast-feeding women, compared with 22mg.
Deficiency: pellagra.
Food Sources: whole wheat products, brown rice, mung bean, sesame, peanuts, mushrooms, seaweed, figs, milk, eggs, chicken, liver, lean meat, fish and so on.
Need for the crowd:
Because more people worry about cholesterol intake of niacin may be helpful; when the skin (skin products, skin information) on the sun's rays are particularly sensitive, often it was less than the early symptoms of niacin; dermatitis, peeling, rough skin of the people need nicotinic acid; the body of vitamin B 1, B 2, B 6 of the person who can not be synthesized from tryptophan itself require an additional supplement niacin; often nervous, cranky, and even those who suffer from schizophrenia have vitamin B 3 benefits; diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism also need to nicotinic acid.
④ Vitamin B5
B5 also known as pantothenic acid. Anti-stress, anti-cold, anti-infection, to prevent the toxicity of some antibiotics, elimination of postoperative abdominal distention.
⑤ Vitamin B6
It has inhibited vomiting, and the promotion of development and other functions, the lack of it can cause vomiting, cramps and other symptoms. Includes three kinds of substances, namely pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine. Pyridoxine in the body into pyridoxal, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine can be changed with each other. Yeast, liver, lean meat and grain, cabbage and other foods are rich in vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 soluble in water and alcohol, slightly soluble in fat solvents; case of light alkali susceptible to damage, not heat. Vitamin B6 in the body combined with the phosphate into pyridoxal phosphate or pyridoxamine phosphate. They are of many kinds of enzymes related to amino acid metabolism of coenzyme, it is important for amino acid metabolism.
The daily demand: the daily needs of the human body of about 1.5 to 2 mg. Foods rich in vitamin B6, and the intestinal bacteria can also be synthesized, so humans rarely vitamin B6 deficiency.
Side effects: 100 mg day or so clothing will be on the brain and nerve damage. Excessive intake may also lead to the so-called neuropathy, that is, a feeling sluggish nerve disease. The worst case, lead to skin loss of consciousness.
⑥ Vitamin B7
Vitamin B7 (also known as biotin) is a part of the vitamin B complex family. "Vincent DuVigneaud" first discovered in 1940, this biotin. B7 The main role is to help human cells to carbohydrates, fats and proteins into energy that they can use. However, this is only one of its many features.
1, it is water-soluble fiber: There are two different types of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins. First, the fat-soluble vitamins are very stable and difficult to destroy. Water-soluble vitamins are more sensitive, and could easily be a strong heat and light to destroy. Second, the fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body, while the water-soluble vitamins can not be.
Vitamin B7 is a water-soluble vitamin, which means that you need to intake a certain amount of daily recommended amount of men 0.03mg, women, 0.01mg. Addition, we must ensure proper preservation and cooking of food containing the vitamin to ensure that their B7 ingredients intact.
2, almost all foods contain it: almost all of the food contains at least trace amounts of vitamin B7. However, the richer the content of certain foods. Such as egg yolk, liver, milk, mushrooms and nuts are the best sources of biotin. Therefore, it should be the diet containing these foods.
3, there are many factors that can lead to a lack of vitamin B7: Unlike most vitamins, B7 is not the only result in inadequate intake of deficiency reasons. Alcohol will hinder the absorption of this vitamin, a number of genetic diseases will also require you to increase the intake of B7. Therefore, we should give due consideration to the above factors to take more to add.
4, help control diabetes mellitus: studies have shown that the role of vitamin B7 also included helping diabetics control blood sugar levels and prevent the disease caused by nerve damage.
⑦ Vitamin B9
There are many in the cell Coenzyme forms, is responsible for the use of single-carbon metabolism for the synthesis of purine and thymine, in cell proliferation, as DNA replication when the raw materials and provided so that half Homocysteine synthesis of methyl-methionine to assist conversion between a variety of amino acids. Therefore, folic acid is involved in cell proliferation, reproduction, heme synthesis effect on the blood of the differentiation and maturation of fetal development (fetal neurological development and proliferation of blood cells) have a significant impact. To avoid the accumulation of half-Homocysteine can protect the heart blood vessels, but also may slow the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease.
⑧ Vitamin B12
In 1947 the United States of America women scientists Chopot found in beef liver extract vitamin B12, after analysis by chemists, it is a cobalt-containing organic compounds. It is chemically stable, is an indispensable material of human blood, the lack of it results in a vicious anemia.
Vitamin B12, that is anti-pernicious anemia vitamin, also known as cobalamin, containing metals cobalt, is the only vitamin that contains metallic elements, anti-fatty liver, the promotion of vitamin A storage in the liver; promote cell maturation and metabolism . It with other B vitamins is different from the general content of rare plants, but only by certain bacteria and soil bacteria produce. Liver, lean meat, fish, milk and eggs to obtain the human vitamin B12 sources. Goods can be a byproduct from the manufacture of certain antibiotics or special fermentation obtained. Vitamin B12 is a pink crystal, aqueous solution in relatively stable in weak acid, strong acid and alkali under the easily decompose sunlight, oxidizing and reducing agents are easy to destroy vitamin B12. It is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract should be subject to the Ministry of the stomach and pylorus secreted a glycoprotein (also known as intrinsic factor) combined in order to be absorbed. Because of the lack of "intrinsic factor" caused by a lack of B12, treatment should be used injections. Deoxyadenosine cobalamin vitamin B12 in the body mainly in the form. It is the number of catalytic two adjacent carbon atoms on the hydrogen atoms, alkyl, carbonyl or amino exchange enzyme coenzyme. Another form of the body of coenzyme methyl cobalamin, its participation in methyl transfer, and the role of folic acid often interrelated, it can increase the utilization of folic acid to influence the nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis, thus promoting the development and mature red blood cells .
Occur when a lack of vitamin B12 pernicious anemia, the body's requirement for B12 very little about the human body every day 12μg (1/1000mg), who in normal circumstances will not be missing.
⑨ Vitamin B13
Chemical name: lactic acid-ching
Not yet recommended daily intake. Anti-liver diseases and premature aging can contribute to the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Study is not yet found a deficiency of vitamin B13.
Foods rich in vitamin B13:
Root vegetables, whey, yogurt or the liquid part of the condensed milk.
Nutritional supplements
There will be a vitamin B13 supplements.
Side
So far, people have little understanding of vitamin B13, so still do not have the example of the guidelines.
Enemy of vitamin B13
Water, sunlight and
Advice
People's limited understanding of vitamin B13 could not make recommendations, in accordance with doctor's orders or the nutritional physician.
⑩ Vitamin B15
(Pan acid). Anti-fatty liver is mainly used to improve the organization of oxygen metabolic rate. Is sometimes used to treat coronary heart disease and chronic alcoholism.
11 Vitamin B17
Toxic. Some people think the role of control and prevention of cancer.
In addition, choline and myo-inositol are often attributed to the necessary vitamins, they are two of vitamin B family members.
Posts
No comments:
Post a Comment